VSEPR (Valence Shell Electron Pair Repulsion) theory states that molecules arrange themselves to minimize electron repulsion between electron pairs around the central atom.
In BF₃, boron (B) has 3 valence electrons and forms 3 single bonds with fluorine (F) atoms. There are no lone pairs on the central boron atom. With 3 bond pairs and no lone pairs, the geometry is trigonal planar, meaning the F atoms are arranged in a plane around the central B atom with 120-degree bond angles.